The global challenge of plastic pollution has highlighted recyclable and biodegradable plastics as two key pathways toward sustainability. Recyclable plastics support a circular economy by reducing raw material use, energy consumption, and landfill waste, but face obstacles such as low recycling rates, quality degradation, and complex sorting. Biodegradable plastics, on the other hand, can break down naturally and reduce environmental accumulation, often using renewable resources; however, they require specific conditions for decomposition, may release greenhouse gases, and struggle with market acceptance. While each option offers distinct advantages, neither alone is sufficient. A dual approach - improving recycling systems while advancing biodegradable technologies - combined with government support, industry innovation, and consumer education, is essential to creating a more sustainable future for plastics.