To realize the smart city of the future, it is indispensable to build a safer and more efficient traffic environment, and smart vehicles with networking and various advanced functions are the key.
As more and more vehicles are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) to provide real-time information and entertainment for drivers and passengers while driving. As well as the promotion of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving applications in automakers, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology is advancing rapidly. The global smart transportation market will reach US$98.74 billion in 2021 and is expected to grow further to US$206.8 billion in 2028.
What is the IoV (Internet of Vehicles)?
The smart connected car system evolves the vehicle from a traditional mobile tool to a multimedia center that provides travel information and audio-visual entertainment for car owners. Allowing car owners to grasp driving information in real-time and provide convenient parking information during the process of moving. Don’t need to worry about parking during the journey, and you can combine it with your mobile phone to keep track of your car’s dynamics at any time. With rich audio-visual entertainment and humanized operation interface, you and your travel companions can enjoy the good time of driving to the fullest.
The concept of the Internet of Vehicles is derived from the Internet of Things (IoT). According to the definition of the Internet of Vehicles Industrial Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, the Internet of Vehicles is based on the intranet, inter-vehicle network, and in-vehicle mobile Internet. Internet, etc. A large system network for wireless communication and information exchange is an integrated network that can realize intelligent traffic management, intelligent dynamic information services, and intelligent vehicle control typical applications.
Through information collection and analysis, vehicles can be driven more safely and efficiently, while fleet management can be simplified. The Internet of Vehicles solution can not only detect roadblocks, traffic jams, busy intersections, and roundabouts, and then adjust the driving route in real-time, but also actively monitor the traffic conditions around the vehicle through the sensors installed on the vehicle. Combining the above information, fleet management personnel can grasp the driving situation in real-time, and make the most appropriate arrangements and scheduling to improve management efficiency. Fleet operators can reduce fuel and operating costs through connected vehicle applications and solutions. And studies have shown that fleet tracking tools assisted by artificial intelligence can effectively reduce the accident rate.
The Car Networking System is Divided into Three Parts:
- Smart vehicle terminal:It is also called a satellite positioning intelligent vehicle terminal. It is an intelligent sensor for automobiles. It integrates GPS technology and mileage positioning. It can manage the driving safety of vehicles and sense the driving status and surrounding environment.
- Backend management system:Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-road (V2R), vehicle-to-network (V2I), and vehicle-to-human (V2H) can be interconnected, allowing vehicles to communicate across multiple networks.
- Cloud data analysis platform:The data of each sensor can be collected, collected to the central processing unit, and analyzed by computer technology, such as a self-inspection report of vehicle failure, the optimal route of the vehicle, and a timely road condition report.
Seamlessly Connect People, Cars, and Roads
The Internet of Vehicles can be said to be the application of the Internet of Things in the transportation field. Through the connection of vehicle information and cellular wireless network, it provides real-time information exchange for various units of vehicles, pedestrians, and roads, to realize vehicle status diagnosis and analysis, navigation and positioning services, in-vehicle infotainment, and other functions and services. It is estimated that the global Internet of Vehicles market will grow rapidly at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18%, and is expected to reach a market size of US$208.1 billion by 2024.
Whether it is a driver or a passenger, the reasons for needing IoV technology or services are safety, convenience, and saving driving time. For example, when encountering a traffic jam while driving on the highway, if the automatic driving mode can be activated, the driver can enjoy in-vehicle infotainment and entertainment services while sending and receiving emails or listening to music. Systems such as ADAS or autonomous driving require powerful horsepower for computing, which requires powerful IC, software development, and huge data collection and analysis so that SoC can make real-time decisions and respond to various situations. Memory also plays an important role in SoCs built for you. To achieve the convenience, security, and connectivity that people want, technologies related to SoC, computing, memory, and the entire ecosystem require the cooperation and investment of all companies in the industry.
IoT Security and Protection are Critical:
The number of cyber-attacks successfully launched against vehicles worldwide has increased sixfold. Between 2018 and 2019, due to the electrification of vehicles and a higher degree of connectivity, the number of cyber-attacks increased by one-fold in one year. It is expected to continue to increase at an average annual growth rate of 95% in the future. To ensure the safety of vehicle systems, it is necessary to consider the possible risks encountered in the entire product life cycle from design, manufacturing, and service to operation.
From a hardware or IoV overall use case, security is paramount. If want to build an IoV security solution, you must also pass the ISO 26262 functional safety standard, obtain ASil-B compatibility certification, or be ASIL-D ready. All automakers, Tier 1s, and the entire ecosystem are focused on security layers.
However, safety and security are different fields. Safety is the ultimate goal of the automotive ecosystem, and the bottom line of security is that it cannot be hacked to ensure that the chipset or data transmission is protected. Both security and protection are important issues in the future IoT ecosystem. To improve the security of the solution, the communication between the SoC and the memory must become more secure in the future, compared to the encryption module that is mostly used in the SoC at present.
When service providers try to model all data, the collected data becomes an asset, but in fact, most consumers do not want others to use their data. When using data to realize IoV, we are faced with legal restrictions on personal privacy and data security, which brings challenges to service providers and partners when sharing data. Due to security concerns, partners must be selected with high standards when developing new mobile services.
However, looking at the IoV world, there could be an untold variety of security standards. From the user's standpoint, driving safety and road safety are of paramount importance. Second, users do not wish to share personal data or driving behavior with third parties. Therefore, the key point is that data security and system security cannot be hacked, and no one wants personal information to be stolen. When building a car, it must be ensured that all the data gathered from the vehicle can be used correctly and not be stolen or sold as an asset. Also, having data governance to have a clear view of all platforms to enhance data management is a focus.
How is IoV Implemented?
With the emergence of smart cities and more and more services, how to reproduce physical elements in virtual elements is a new technology area that many technology suppliers are currently working on. The hardest part of implementing a digital twin is building the data model. To realize smart cities in the future, many roadside units (RSUs) need to be deployed to effectively combine smart cities and the IoV.
Since smart-connected vehicles involve network connections inside and outside the vehicle, how to ensure information security is very important; however, the security of vehicle hardware cannot be ignored. Therefore, governments or car manufacturers of various countries have successively promulgated laws and requirements. Calling on manufacturers of smart connected vehicle systems and components to pass vehicle functional safety and network security-related certifications to prove to the market or supply chain that their products are highly secure.
To meet the application requirements of the Internet of Vehicles, in-vehicle Ethernet came into being. Vehicle Ethernet is a physical layer standard specially designed for automotive connection applications. It has the characteristics of lightweight cables, CISPR25 Class 5 and PAM3 levels of radiation and interference resistance, and is a mature technology that has been developed for many years. Therefore, it has become a High-profile vehicle interior communication technology. However, as in-vehicle Ethernet technology becomes more and more complex, it will bring more challenges in testing and verification, such as signal integrity, power integrity, and current waveform analysis.
We already have technologies that support IoV, including 5G, AI, and cloud computing to enable various new services and release computing constraints. But especially in terms of regulations, how to ensure data security and privacy is still being discussed, but it is still a matter of government policy or legislation and the best way to implement it.
