An issue closely related to the smart factory debate concerns the position occupied by industrial production in overall social relationships; in other words, the relationship between factory and society, within which there is a new reflection on the relationship between factories and urban spaces, cities.

Italy has a solid industrial foundation and is the second-largest producer of machine tools market in Europe.

After more than ten years, South Korea has continuously promoted machines to target South Korea smart cities. It has achieved remarkable results in the field of industrial robots and has gradually moved towards commercialization in the field of service robots. Industrial intelligence that enhances industrial competitiveness extends to the realization of the vision of coexisting humans and robots to intelligent life.

South Korea is the world's sixth-largest machine tool producer and the world's fifth-largest machine tool consumer, with an average consumption of approximately US$4.33 billion. Among them, nearly 70% of the consumer market's demand is for products provided by local machine tool factories, and only close to 30% of the products must be imported from abroad.

As industry 4.0 technology continues to advance, existing data can be harnessed to develop machine-learning solutions that deliver real value, optimize decision making, increase flexibility, and attract top talent.

The goal of Making Indonesia 4.0 is to achieve Indonesia’s entry into the top ten economies in the world by 2030. The roadmap of Indonesia’s Industry 4.0 is the key to enhancing the overall competitiveness of Indonesia’s industry in the future digital era, guiding the implementation of Indonesia’s national strategy, and where the interests are at stake. Cooperation and coordinated implementation between various industries aim to promote inclusive national growth and sustainable community welfare.

Industrial Internet of Things (Indusrial IoT, or IIoT) is the expansion and use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in industrial applications. Industrial IoT focuses on machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, big data, and machine learning (ML) to make industrial operations more efficient and reliable. IIoT covers the entire industrial application, including robotics, medical equipment, and software-defined production processes.

4.0 Automation technologies, through the IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) connect, control and monitor networks of manufacturing and processing machines, devices, robots and cloud information in real time via Cloud Monitoring. This allows them to learn, operate and function automatically, minimizing human intervention and optimizing production.

Smart manufacturing utilizes advanced manufacturing technology and provides solutions through AI, the Internet of Things, big data, cloud, edge computing, and other technologies to substitute the production process with an intelligent manufacturing model and customize products according to customer needs.

Germany is the second-largest producer of machine tools in the world, after China. Advanced German machine tool technology has led the development of the machine tool market.

The building materials construction industry is an important part of economic development, ranging from the construction of national public works to the home life of the general public, all of which are related to the building materials construction industry.

With the application of rubber and plastic more and more widely, rubber and plastic machinery is becoming more and more intelligent.

In the field of manufacturing and supply chain, the technical assistance of Industry 4.0 and 5G and AI, combined with blockchain, can promote the new development of manufacturing and achieve more effective integration of hardware, software and services.