What Are the Precautions For the Daily Maintenance of CNC Machine Tools?

There are many types of CNC machine tools, and various types of CNC machine tools have different characteristics due to their different functions, structures, and systems. The content and rules of its maintenance also have its own characteristics. Specifically, according to the type, model, and actual use of the machine tool, and referring to the requirements of the machine tool manual, the necessary periodic and rated maintenance system should be formulated and established.

The following is a brief introduction of the daily maintenance points of CNC machine tools:

1. Maintenance of CNC system
   • Strictly abide by the operation regulations and daily maintenance system:
     Strictly observing the operation regulations can effectively avoid the occurrence of abnormal equipment problems, and establish a perfect daily maintenance system to prolong the service life of the equipment and prevent the occurrence of production accidents.
   • The doors of CNC cabinet and strong electric cabinet should be opened as little as possible:
     In the air of the machining workshop, there will generally be oil mist, dust, and even metal powder. Once they fall on the circuit board or electronic device in the CNC system, it is easy to cause the insulation resistance between the components to drop, even causing damage to the components and the circuit board. In order to make the CNC system work in overload for a long time in summer, some users take the door of the CNC cabinet to dissipate heat. This is an extremely undesirable method, which will eventually lead to accelerated damage to the CNC system.
   • Regularly clean the cooling and ventilation system of the CNC cabinet:
     The cooling fans on the CNC cabinet should be checked for normal operation. Check the air duct filter every six months or quarters for clogging. If excessive dust accumulates on the filter net and it is not cleaned in time, it will cause the temperature in the CNC cabinet to be too high.
   • Periodic inspection and replacement of motor brushes:
     The transient wear of the motor brushes will affect the performance of the motor and even cause damage to the motor. For this purpose, the motor brushes should be regularly inspected and replaced.
   • Periodically replace the storage battery:
     Generally, the storage device is provided with a rechargeable battery maintenance circuit in the numerical control system to ensure that the content of the memory can be maintained during the system is not powered. Under normal circumstances, even if it has not failed, it should be replaced once a year to ensure the normal operation of the system.
   • Maintenance of standby circuit board:
     When the spare printed circuit board is not used for a long time, it should be regularly installed in the CNC system and powered on for a period of time to prevent damage.
2. Maintenance of mechanical parts
   • Maintenance of the main drive chain:
   Regularly adjust the degree of tightness of the spindle drive belt to prevent the loss of rotation caused by the belt slip; check the constant temperature oil tank lubricated by the spindle, adjust the temperature range, replenish the amount of oil in time, and clean the filter; after a long time use of the tool clamping device in the spindle, Will produce a gap, affect the clamping of the tool, it is necessary to adjust the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder piston in time.
   • Maintenance of ball screw thread pair:
     Regularly check and adjust the axial clearance of the screw thread pair to ensure reverse transmission accuracy and axial rigidity; regularly check whether the connection between the screw and the bed is loose; the screw protection device is damaged and should be replaced in time to prevent dust or Chips enter.
   • Maintenance of tool magazine and tool change manipulator:
     It is strictly forbidden to load overweight and long tools into the tool magazine to avoid the tool falling or collision between the tool and the workpiece and fixture during the tool change; often check whether the zero return position of the tool magazine is correct and check the return point of the machine tool spindle. Whether the position is in place and timely adjustment; when starting up, the tool magazine and the robot should be run empty to check whether the various parts work normally, especially whether the travel switches and solenoid valves can operate normally; check whether the tool is locked on the robot Reliable, should be dealt with in time if it is abnormal.
3. Maintenance of the lubrication system

   Regularly clean or replace the filters or sub-filters of various lubricating, hydraulic and pneumatic systems; regularly check the oil quality of the hydraulic system and replace the hydraulic oil; regularly clean the foreign bodies in the oil passage and nozzle of the cutting oil supply system If the cutting oil precipitates out, condenses and deteriorates, it should be replaced in time.

4. Maintenance of machine tool precision

   Regularly check and correct the machine tool level and mechanical accuracy. There are two kinds of correction methods for mechanical accuracy. The soft method is mainly compensated by system parameters, such as screw backlash compensation, fixed-point compensation of each coordinate positioning accuracy, position correction of machine tool reference point return, etc.; the hard method is generally carried out when the machine tool is overhauled, such as rail scraping, Pre-tighten the ball screw nut pair to adjust the backlash, etc.

   If the CNC machine tool fails, you need to patiently search for the specific situation analysis, find out the relevant fault points, and deal with them, and the machine tools can return to normal.