What Is Grinding and Its Working Principle and Type?
Knowledge

What Is Grinding and Its Working Principle and Type?

The principle of grinding precision machining: Grinding is an abrasive precision machining method that uses a lapping tool and abrasive to grind off a thin layer of metal from the surface of the workpiece based on fine machining.
Published: Sep 28, 2021
What Is Grinding and Its Working Principle and Type?

What Is Grinding Process?

Define grinding:

Grinding is a unit operation that reduces solid matter into smaller particles.

Define grinding process:

Grinding is a processing method that uses abrasives to remove material. The process of removing material with abrasives is one of the earliest production techniques used by humans.

Grinding process is a micro-processing method. Grinding uses a grinding tools and abrasive (a free abrasive) to generate relative movement between the processed surface of the workpiece and the grinding tool, and apply pressure to remove it from the workpiece. Tiny surface raised layer to reduce surface roughness and improve dimensional accuracy, geometric accuracy, etc. Grinding process can be used in various metal and non-metal materials. The processed surface shapes include flat surfaces, inner and outer cylindrical and conical surfaces, convex and concave spherical surfaces, threads, tooth surfaces, and other profiles. In-mold manufacturing, especially precision die-casting molds, plastic molds, and automobile panel molds that require high product appearance quality are widely used.

What Is the Working Principle of Grinding Machines?

  1. During the grinding process, the grinding surface of the grinder tool is evenly coated with abrasive. If the material hardness of the grinding tool is lower than that of the workpiece, when the grinding tool and the workpiece move relative to each other under pressure, the abrasive has sharp edges and corners. Some of the particles with high hardness will be pressed into the surface of the lap to produce cutting action (plastic deformation), and some will roll or slide between the grinding tool and the surface of the workpiece to produce slippage (elastic deformation). These particles, like countless cutting blades, produce a small amount of cutting action on the surface of the workpiece, and evenly cut a thin layer of metal from the surface of the workpiece. At the same time, under the action of the grinding pressure, the passivated abrasive particles squeeze the peak points of the processed surface to produce micro-extrusion plastic deformation on the processed surface, so that the workpiece gradually obtains high dimensional accuracy and low surface roughness.

  2. When using abrasives such as chromium oxide and stearic acid, the abrasive and the processed surface of the workpiece have a chemical effect during the grinding process, resulting in a very thin oxide film, which is easily worn off. The grinding process is the process of continuous generation and erasing of oxide film, so many cycles of repetition reduce the roughness of the processed surface.

What Are the Types of Grinding Processes?

  1. Manual grinding:

    The relative movement of the grinder machine and the workpiece is operated manually. The processing quality depends on the skill level of the operator, the labor intensity is high, and the work efficiency is low. Suitable for various surfaces of various metal and non-metal workpieces. The local narrow slits, slots, deep holes, blind holes, and dead corners on the mold forming parts are still mainly hand-grinded.

  2. Semi-mechanical grinding:

    One of the grinder machine and workpiece adopts simple mechanical movement, and the other adopts manual operation. The processing quality is still related to the operator's skills, and the labor intensity is reduced. Mainly used for grinding the inner and outer cylindrical, flat, and conical surfaces of the workpiece. Commonly used when grinding mold parts.

  3. Mechanical grinding:

    The movement of the grinder machine and the workpiece adopts mechanical movement. The processing quality is guaranteed by mechanical equipment, and the work efficiency is relatively high. But it can only be applied to the grinding of parts such as the surface shape is not too complicated.

Conditions of Use of Abrasive

  1. Wet grinding:

    During the grinding process, the abrasive is applied to the surface of the grinding tool, and the grinding material rolls or slides between the grinding tool and the workpiece, forming a cutting effect on the surface of the workpiece. The processing efficiency is high, but the geometric shape and dimensional accuracy, and gloss of the processed surface are not as good as dry grinding. It is mostly used for rough grinding and semi-finishing of flat surfaces and inner and outer cylindrical surfaces.

  2. Dry grinding:

    Before grinding, the abrasive particles are evenly pressed into the working surface of the grind to a certain depth, which is called sand embedding. During the grinding process, the grinding tool and the workpiece maintain a certain pressure and move relative to a certain trajectory to achieve micro-cutting, thereby obtaining high dimensional accuracy and low surface roughness. During dry grinding, generally no or only a small amount of lubricating abrasive is applied. It is generally used for the fine grinding of planes, and the production efficiency is not high.

  3. Semi-dry grinding:

    Using paste grinding paste, like wet grinding. When grinding, according to the requirements of workpiece processing accuracy and surface roughness, apply the grinding paste promptly. It is suitable for rough and fine grinding of all kinds of workpieces.

Applications of Grinding Technology

  1. Low surface roughness:

    Grinding with surface grinder belongs to micro-feed grinding, and the cutting depth is small, which is beneficial to reduce the surface roughness value of the workpiece. The surface grinding machine processed surface roughness can reach Ra0.01μm.

  2. High dimensional accuracy:

    Grinding uses extremely fine micronized abrasives, and the machine tool, grinding tool, and workpiece are in an elastic floating working state. Under the action of low speed and low pressure, the convex points of the processed surface are successively ground, and the processing accuracy can reach 0. 1μm~0.01μm.

  3. High shape accuracy:

    When grinding, the workpiece is basically in a free state, the force is uniform, the movement is stable, and the movement accuracy does not affect the shape and position accuracy. The cylindricity of the processed cylinder can reach 0.1μm.

    To improve the mechanical properties of the surface of the workpiece: The grinding heat is small with surface grinding machine, the deformation of the workpiece is small, the metamorphic layer is thin, and there will be no micro-cracks on the surface. At the same time, it can reduce the surface friction coefficient and improve wear resistance and corrosion resistance. There is residual compressive stress on the surface of the ground part, which is conducive to improving the fatigue strength of the surface of the workpiece.

Published by Sep 28, 2021 Source :read01

Further reading

You might also be interested in ...

Headline
Knowledge
Precision in Rotation: Indexing Plates in Metal Machining
Rotary Indexing Plates are precision components of milling machines that facilitate the precise angular positioning of workpieces and cutting tools. They are used in both metal machining and woodworking, and while they share a fundamental purpose, there are notable differences in their design, capabilities, and applications due to the distinct characteristics of the materials and processes involved.
Headline
Knowledge
Sheet Metal Fabrication Machines: An Overview
Sheet metal machines are widely used in various manufacturing industries for shaping, cutting, and forming sheet metal into different components. Some of the industries that extensively utilize sheet metal machines include light industries such as electrical and medical equipment, all the way up to heavy industries such as automotive, rail, oil and gas, as well as wind power generation.
Headline
Knowledge
The Significance of Planing Machines in the Machining Tool Industry
Metal and wood planing machines are essential tools in the machining industry. Wood planers use a rotating cutterhead equipped with sharp blades to smooth and size workpieces, ensuring uniformity in woodworking projects. Metal planers use a cutting tool mounted on a reciprocating tool head to remove excess material from metal surfaces, achieving precise dimensions in components. Both types of planning machines enhance efficiency, precision, and the overall quality of finished products. Understanding the key features of the various types of planing machines will help you choose the right machine best suited for your machining needs.
Headline
Knowledge
Stamp Press Technology and Manufacturing in Taiwan
Nestled in the heart of East Asia, Taiwan has emerged as a powerhouse in the global stamp press industry, with a robust manufacturing ecosystem, and cutting-edge technology. With a rich manufacturing tradition and a focus on precision engineering, Taiwanese companies meet the demands of diverse sectors, ranging from electronics and automotive to medical devices and aerospace, supplying high-quality stamp press solutions to a diverse range of markets worldwide.
Headline
Knowledge
Introduction to Stamp Press Technology
Stamp press technology, also known as stamping or pressing, is a manufacturing process that utilizes a press to shape or cut materials into desired forms. This process involves the use of a die and a punch to form or cut the material, creating intricate shapes with high precision. Widely employed for mass production due to its speed, accuracy, and repeatability, this process is a crucial part of modern manufacturing.
Headline
Knowledge
Mechanical Reducers in Industrial Manufacturing
Speed reducers are powerful mechanical devices generally used in machining tools to multiply the force or torque generated by an input power source, thereby increasing the usable force, enhancing the performance and precision of the machining tool. They are also used in material handling systems such as conveyor belts and lifting mechanisms to control the speed of material transfer and manage heavy loads efficiently. By multiplying the available output force, they enable the use of a reduced input power source, resulting in cost savings for machine tool investments. When choosing the appropriate speed reducer, the torque, speed, and horsepower of the input, as well as the mounting configuration, efficiency, and required lifetime all need to be considered. The quality of the machine chosen will also be reflected in the amount of backlash, transmission error, torsional rigidity, and inertia experienced during machining.
Headline
Knowledge
Introduction to Stamp Press Technology
Stamp press technology, also known as stamping or pressing, is a manufacturing process that utilizes a press to shape or cut materials into desired forms. This process involves the use of a die and a punch to form or cut the material, creating intricate shapes with high precision. Widely employed for mass production due to its speed, accuracy, and repeatability, this process is a crucial part of modern manufacturing.
Headline
Knowledge
Innovations in Sawing Technology
The traditional image of saws as just cutting tools is being reshaped by cutting-edge advancements that integrate automation and robotics in sawing technologies, paving the way for greater precision and efficiency of sawing technology in manufacturing.
Headline
Knowledge
The Fundamentals of Drilling Machines
Drilling machines play a pivotal role in the manufacturing industry, using rotary motion to create precise holes in a variety of materials. Whether it's metal, wood, plastic, or composites, drilling machines are versatile and essential for producing components in countless applications.
Headline
Knowledge
Hybrid Milling in Manufacturing: Integrating Additive and Subtractive Processes
The integration of additive manufacturing (AM) and subtractive milling processes has emerged as a transformative manufacturing process known as hybrid milling. This technique combines the strengths of both 3D printing and traditional subtractive milling, opening up new possibilities and diverse applications for creating complex geometries with improved material efficiency.
Headline
Knowledge
Features and Mechanics of Industrial Saws
Industrial saws shape raw materials into precise components that form the backbone of countless products. Understanding the mechanics of sawing, examining the fundamental principles, cutting mechanisms, and essential aspects of safety and maintenance will ensure the most efficient and safe operation of industrial saws.
Headline
Knowledge
Understanding the Diversity of Industrial Saws
Industrial saws play a pivotal role in processing a wide range of materials with precision and efficiency. Taiwan is a major supplier of industrial saws to the automotive, aerospace, and construction, as well as the metal fabrication industries. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the diverse industry of industrial saws, exploring their types, structures, applications, and the crucial role they play in various industries.
Agree